Texas A&M University (TAMU) PHLT 305 Epidemiology in Public Health Exam 1 Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which distribution descriptor quantifies the degree of spread in a dataset?
• The number that occurs most often in a data set is called the
• Which statement best defines incidence?
• Which term refers to a method of reducing healthcare costs by providing integrated care for chronic conditions?
• Epidemic curve is defined as
• Which best describes a dose-response curve?
• Infection during pregnancy has been associated with which adverse outcomes?
• Which example best illustrates a ratio scale?
• Pasteur's Germ Theory posits that diseases are spread by what?
• If the incidence rate is 5 per 1,000 person-years and the average duration of disease is 2 years, what is the approximate prevalence using P = IR × D?
• Prevalence is defined as:
• To determine the standard deviation, you ________ of the variance.
• Which is a key characteristic of epidemiology?
• Which statement correctly identifies the fourth Koch postulate?
• An interval estimate uses a range of values for estimation.
• A point estimate uses a single value for estimation.
• Which rate is typically expressed per 100,000 population to facilitate comparisons across populations?
• Which statement best describes the nature of epidemiology as taught in this material?
• A proportion is defined as which expression?
• Which rate is most appropriate for comparing populations with different age structures?
• Mortality is defined as
• Which type of chart shows the frequency of cases for categories of a discrete variable?
• The middle score in a distribution is the
• What does a cross-sectional study primarily measure?
• In sampling notation, what do N and n stand for?
• The 1902 book Hygiene and Public Health was authored by which figure?
• Which statement is true about cross-sectional studies?
• The Black Death was caused by which organism?
• Which of the following is a random sampling method?
• Who created Koch's postulates to demonstrate the association between microorganisms and disease?
• One person-year is described as:
• What does 'distribution' refer to in epidemiology?
• The West Africa Ebola outbreak of 2014 involved about 28,652 cases and about 40% mortality. Which option matches this fact?
• Which list represents recent infectious disease epidemics?
• Which statement best distinguishes prevalence from incidence?
• Which statement describes interval scales?
• What term describes a collection of people who share common observable characteristics?
• Demographic transition describes shift from high birth and death rates to...
• Analytic epidemiology focuses on?
• Secular trends are best described as which of the following?
• In which scenario is an inverse association observed?
• Which of the following is an example of an epidemic?
• Mean Deviation is calculated by
• Which expression defines an age-specific and sex-specific rate?
• Which of the following is a random sampling method?
• In what year was the US Public Health Service established?
• Adjusted rates are defined as?
• Which statement best describes stratified sampling?
• Which term refers to counting the cases of illness or other health outcomes?
• Descriptive epidemiology study design is which of the following?
• Which of the following is an example of an infectious disease epidemic listed in the material?
• Koch's postulates were designed to demonstrate a causal relationship between a microorganism and what?
• Quarantine conventions in the United States around 1879 focused on which diseases?
• In cross-sectional studies, a finding of an association between exposure and disease implies?
• Cross-sectional studies have a limitation regarding temporality.
• Which of the following is an example of non-random sampling?
• Crude death rate is defined as:
• The threshold of a dose-response curve refers to the ________ dose at which a particular response occurs.
• In early epidemiology, 'bills of mortality' were used to construct what kind of data?
• Which of the following is an example of a dose-response relationship?
• Which term represents the first V of big data?
• Which method is exemplified by a census?
• What is the total set of elements from which a sample is drawn?
• Which physician conducted the 12 sailors scurvy trial using lemons and oranges?
• Which statement about discrete variables is true?
• Which chart shows the proportion of cases according to several categories?
• Which rate measures the proportion of deaths from a specific cause among all deaths in a period?
• Incidence rate denominator is best described as which of the following?
• The Spanish flu of 1918 was a ______.
• Which statistic is the square root of the variance?
• What is the formula for a cause-specific rate?
• Which term describes illness due to a specific disease or health condition?
• Which scenario best illustrates a cross-sectional study?
• Outcomes are defined as
• Which V refers to data now being presented in non-traditional forms?
• Which sampling method is described as prone to sampling bias?
• Infant mortality rate is defined as deaths among infants per how many live births?
• Cross-sectional studies are less suitable for studying which of the following?
• In the prevalence formula P = IR × D, what does D represent?
• The term 'cross-sectional' refers to data collected at which of the following?
• Which statement correctly identifies the three Vs of big data as Volume, Velocity, and Variety?
• Which statement best describes analytic epidemiology?
• Which statement about ratios is correct?
• Which statement best describes simple random sampling?
• In a standard normal distribution, the mean and standard deviation are:
• Which list represents recent chronic disease epidemics?
• When the Pearson r is negative, the association is what?
• Who proposed that diseases could be transmitted by seeds or spores?
• Fetal mortality rate is defined as deaths per what unit?
• What is a parameter?
• Penicillin was discovered to be effective against which type of pathogens?
• Who developed the method for smallpox vaccination?
• What is another name for the arithmetic mean?
• Which statement about distribution is correct?
• What is a typical purpose of a cross-sectional study?
• Standard deviation is defined as
• Systematic sampling is described as:
• Which formula represents the attack rate?
• Incidence density is characterized as which of the following?
• Which data type is qualitative and ordered?
• Who is credited with early descriptions related to the circulatory system?
• Which statement describes population focus as a key characteristic of epidemiology?
• What is the range of a data set?
• Cumulative incidence is calculated under which condition?
• In the context of big data, which term describes data presented in non-traditional formats?
• The validity of prevalence estimates from a cross-sectional study depends most on?
• Which of the following is a continuous variable?
• Which of the following is true about interval scales?
• Which are the two main types of prevalence?
• Point prevalence is defined as:
• The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to measure the strength of association between which type of variables?
• The term for the collection of ancient medical writings attributed to Hippocrates is called what?
• An epidemic curve is typically unimodal and aids in identifying the cause.
• The Spanish flu was an ________ flu virus.
• Which term did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek popularize describing tiny living organisms observed with his microscope?
• Descriptive epidemiology describes which of the following?
• In the 2008 Salmonella outbreak, approximately how many people were infected?
• Late fetal death rate gestational threshold?
• Who is considered the father of modern vital statistics and public health surveillance?
• Which statement describes ratio scales?
• Which of the following is a discrete variable?
• Which scientist used a microscope to observe 'animalcules'?
• Which figure is considered a founder of toxicology and described dose-response?
• Which statement best captures a benefit of sampling?
• A contingency table is a type of table that tabulates data according to two dimensions.
• In epidemiology, a determinant is best described as?
• The Pearson correlation coefficient r ranges from -1 to 1.
• A case series is best described as which of the following?
• Variance is described as
• Which chart is used to display trends?
• What is the formula for percentage given A and B?
• Which statement best defines person-time in epidemiology?
• The Universe is the total set of elements from which a sample is selected.
• Morbidity refers to
• Who discovered the antimicrobial properties of Penicillium notatum?
• Robert Koch is famous for discovering the causes of which disease?
• Which statement best characterizes a nominal scale?
• What is a common limitation of cross-sectional studies?
• Which of the following statements correctly characterizes a ratio scale?
• Which form of plague is associated with buboes?
• Perinatal mortality rate is expressed per 1,000 births. Which of the following is true about this measure?
• A subgroup that has been selected by using one of several methods from the population is called?
• Which statement best describes demographic transition?
• Case Fatality Rate (CFR) is calculated as:
• Which English physician traced a cholera outbreak in London to a water source?
• Which term describes numbers that describe a population?
• Which physician described three kinds of fevers: intermittent, continued, and smallpox?
• In the Hippocratic view, what is the proposed cause of disease?
• What measure is commonly used in cross-sectional studies to describe the relationship between exposure and disease?
• Which public health measure addressed food adulteration and water quality analysis in the early 20th century?
• A case report is to a single occurrence as a case series is to which of the following?
• In the 2008 Salmonella outbreak, which food item was initially implicated?
• Epidemiology is a ________.
• In epidemiology, exposure is best described as
• Which statement about cluster sampling is true?
• A case series is to a larger collection of cases of disease, grouped consecutively as which of the following?
• How long did it take to sequence the genetic material for the Spanish flu?
• Late fetal death rate is defined as fetal deaths that occur after which gestational age?
• Quantification in epidemiology refers to
• The fertility rate is defined as the number of live births per 1,000 women of reproductive age. Which option correctly restates this definition?
• Which term describes the occurrence of death in a population?
• The 1918 influenza pandemic is also known as the Spanish flu and infected about one-third of the world’s population.
• Perinatal mortality rate is defined as the number of fetal deaths after 28 weeks plus early neonatal deaths per 1,000 births.
• Incidence rate numerator refers to which of the following?
• Crude birth rate is defined as births per which unit?
• Which sampling method selects a population convenient to sample?
• Point prevalence versus period prevalence: which statement is true?
• Which of the following is an example of a pandemic?
• Who is considered the founder of occupational medicine?
• Representativeness is the degree to which characteristics of the sample correspond to the characteristics of the population from which the sample was chosen.
• Which term describes the shift in disease burden from infectious to chronic diseases?
• Which description correctly defines ordinal scales?
• Which of the following is NOT an analytic epidemiology study design?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the four humors according to ancient theory?
• Which term refers to a normal distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one?
• Where has local transmission of Zika virus been reported in the United States?
• Period prevalence is best described as:
• A case report is best described as which of the following?
• The 1918 pandemic influenza infection rate was about one-third of the world's population.
• During the Zika outbreak in Brazil, the total number of reported cases was approximately how many?
• Epidemiologic Transition describes shift from infectious to chronic diseases.
• What type of study design is cross-sectional?
• Which scientist is associated with the concept that diseases are spread by microorganisms and with pasteurization?
• Pasteurization is a heat treatment used on which products?
• Historical public health ideas suggested that infection risk could be increased by which condition?
• Which figure is credited with reforming hospital hygiene during military campaigns?
• Estimation is using sample-based data to infer conclusions about the population.
• Who first described an environmental cause of cancer due to soot exposure?
• Chronic conditions show which type of curve?
• The symbol mu designates which concept?
• Which step in Koch's postulates demonstrates that a culture can cause disease in a susceptible host?
• Which method involves dividing the population into age groups as a form of strata?
• Period prevalence is defined as:
• Which statement best defines an epidemic?
• In stratified random sampling, what is a characteristic mentioned in the material?
• Which statement about ordinal scales is true?
• A bivariate association involves exactly how many variables?
• Which term represents the second V of big data that describes the speed at which data are generated and received?
• Fetal death rate is defined as fetal deaths after 20 weeks per 1,000 births.
• Cross-sectional studies are best suited to estimate which of the following?
• Descriptive epidemiology uses the person, place, and time pyramid to analyze health data.
• Which of the following describes a strength of cross-sectional studies?
• Which of the following is a determinant?
• The fertility rate is defined as the number of live births per 1,000 women of reproductive age in a given year.
• What is the Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR) formula?
• Which statement best defines a pandemic?
• Statistics are numbers that describe a sample.
• Historically, which environmental factor was believed to influence disease risk?
• The jalapeño and serrano peppers implicated in the outbreak were harvested in which country?
• Which term is used for the subgroup actually studied in a research project?
• In a small outbreak, 60 people are ill and 40 are well. What is the attack rate in this group?
• Zika virus is primarily transmitted by what mode?
• Maternal mortality rate is defined as mortality due to maternal causes per which unit?
• Who is known for describing 'bills of mortality' and developing life tables?
• An outbreak map of malnutrition would exemplify which type of epidemiologic approach?
• Which statement describes a skewed distribution?
• Fetal death rate is defined as deaths occurring after which gestational age?
• Before presenting data, you need to ______ your data.
• Which of the following is a rationale for using samples?
• In the context of big data, which term describes the quantity of data?
• In a skewed distribution, mean, median, and mode are not the same.
• Which statement correctly contrasts a point estimate and an interval estimate?
• If r equals 0, what does that imply about the linear relationship?
• Who suggested disease might be associated with environmental factors?
• Which statement best describes data collection in a cross-sectional study?